Quick Tips for Black and White Photography
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While taking photographs in color is often a common choice, black and white photography often affords interesting results. The following points are quick tips for black and white photography.
1. There are many different sizes of film, and different formats: 35mm (1″ x 1″), medium format- 120 (2″ x 2 “), and large format (4″ x 5″). Typically, people will start off using a 35mm SLR (single-lens reflex) camera. With an SLR, you can focus and view the subject directly through the lens.
2. There are different film speeds for different situations; film speeds are rated by an ASA (American Standards Association) number. For brightly lit subjects, a slow film such as 32 ASA is used; slow film produces fine grain negatives. Outdoor photographers will typically use a medium film speed such as 125 ASA, and that produces medium grain negatives. A fast film speed, such as 400 ASA is best for indoor use, and produces coarse grain negatives.
3. The aperture is adjusted to control the amount of light entering the lens. F-stop is a measurement of the size of the lens opening. A smaller F-stop number is a bigger opening and allows more light to reach the film. A larger F-stop number decreases the amount of light that reaches the film. The following is a typical F-stop range: 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22.
4. Lens size is measured in mm and is referred to as focal length. A narrow angle of view is a result of a longer focal length. Conversely, a wider angle of view is a result of a shorter focal length. Lens types and focal length: normal (50mm), wide angle (21-35mm), and telephoto (105-300mm).
5. Shutter speed refers to the length of time the film is exposed to light. A fast shutter speed means the length of exposure time is short. A slow shutter speed means the length of exposure time is long. Shutter speeds: B, T, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000. Shutter speed time can be better understood if you place a 1 over the number to turn it into a fraction. When you place a 1 over the 2, that means the shutter speed is a second.
6. Regarding shutter speed, the B means bulb, and the T means time. When using bulb, you just hold the button down for the desired amount of time. When using time, the second time you press down the button is when the shutter closes.
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